US Security Border

US Security Border Background The major concern is whether to have a secure border or to allow free movement of people, goods or services across the border of the United States. This border is the longest undefended border in the world, but after the events of September 11, 2001, security measures along this border changed.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on US Security Border specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The U.S government had to review its border laws and restrictions, which led to strict rules on its border. Time for security checks across the border increased drastically, thus increasing costs for Canadian exporters. In addition, the US deadline for secure identity cards affected trade and tourism between the two countries. Objective The general objective is to determine whether or not the US should allow a secure or free border to exist with the outside world for movement of goods, people and services, based on the event s that took place in September 11, 2001 that killed many people. Hypothesis Free border may lead to increased economic and social relationship between the United States, Canada and the rest of the hemisphere through unrestricted movement of goods, people and services across its boundaries. This will ultimately improve trade between United States and the rest of the world. Introduction The US-Canada northern border controls during the whole of the 20th century experienced low-intensity, low-profile, and a low priority. Border control issues were never matters of importance in bilateral relations and trade. This minimal concern and low-profile approach to border manning was mutually convenient and tolerated and persisted into the 1990s. Rapid growth in legitimate trade flows across the border in after the NAFTA agreement undermined illegal trade, including the smuggling of drugs, cigarettes, migrants, and arms. The clandestine side of the expanding US-Canada trading relationship was n ever a topic for the national political agenda and did not turn into a necessary source of cross-border tension. However, the 9/11 attacks led to change of relationship between the US and Canada in handling the longest border between the two countries. Initially, the two countries had given that border a low priority until it gained recognition as â€Å"the longest undefended border in the world† (GAO, 2007). These events resulted into a high anxiety when the US-Canada border was a ready-made political target for those who blamed lax border controls for America’s vulnerability to terrorism (Tancredo, 2006).Advertising Looking for research paper on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Although the focus was the US-Canada border and the issue was terrorism, the new border security discourse echoed the older and more familiar drug and immigration control discourse that has characterized US border relations with Mexico (Warner, 2010). In the immediate consequence of the 9/11 attacks, the US congress ruled to add the security agents deployed along the US-Canada border, and the US sent its National Guard troops to inspect, secure and patrol at the border points of entry. In addition, the US instructed Coast Guard to stop all vessels crossing the border for inspections in order to provide escort services to the cargo ship, gas, and oil tankers. Alongside the new security enforcement officer, there were also new surveillance and security equipment. The US installed sophisticated cameras with night-vision lenses, satellite tracking system, there were also early signs of establishing a military base along the border. The security items were to detect any unauthorized access and entry through the northern border. New security measures have also been put in place on Canadian side of the line. Immediately following the terrorist attacks, Canada ordered a higher state of ale rt at border crossings. Since then, it has increased levels of security at its airports, created new funding for detection items and personnel, introduced laws to fight financing of terrorism, and frozen assets of some known terrorist groups. Tougher immigration control rules have included the introduction of a fraud-resistant resident card for new immigrants, increased detention capacity and deportation activity, greater security screening for refugee claimants, and a tightening of the visa regime. In addition to this, there is a requirement that Saudi and Malaysian visitors acquire visas before entry into Canada. The most fundamental changes in Canadian law have been the 2001 antiterrorism act, and the 2002 public safety act, which have given new surveillance and enforcement powers to police and security agencies. Not unlike their Mexican counterparts, Canadian officials have attempted to impress and appease the US with new security awareness, while at the same time repeatedly emp hasizing the importance of national sovereignty and policymaking independence and trying to avoid the impression that their policy changes confirm the US pressures and expectations upon Canada. All in all, the incentives under conditions of relations are obvious. Canada must either take stronger measures to increase border security or risk a unilateral decision by the US to harden the border access, with potentially devastating economic consequences to Canada.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on US Security Border specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Economic consequences The significant economic costs from any security-related disruptions in border flows became immediately noticeable after the 9/11 attacks. US border inspectors became highly alert, defined as a â€Å"sustained, intensive, antiterrorism operation†. Consequently, this almost instantly created enormous chaos at the border, given that Canada an d the United States conduct US$1.3 billion in trade per day, most of which come by trucks across the border. Some 40,000 commercial shipments and 300,000 people cross the 4,000 mile-long US-Canada border daily (Andreas, 2005). According to study findings, in the days after the attacks, delays for trucks transporting cargo across the border increased from one or two minutes to between 10 and 15 hours, stranding parts, shipments, and perishable goods. Trucks parked up to 36 kilometers at the Ambassador Bridge linking Windsor and Detroit. This is the single and worlds busiest border crossing point. About 27 percent of US-Canada trade crosses this bridge. The border enforcement and activities hit the auto industry hard. Many automobile companies, which manufacture their parts in Canada, and ship them to the US assembly plants on a cost-efficient, and timely manner became vulnerable to security measures at the border. For instance, the 9/11 attacks resulted into shortage of vehicles part in the US. As a result, Ford shut its engine plant in Windsor and Detroit vehicle parts. Meanwhile, as trade from both countries experienced massive losses from the sudden border security crackdown, Canada experienced higher losses than the US due to such economic disruptions. The US only has about 25 percent of its export to Canada. On the other side, Canada is responsible for 87 percent of export bound to the US. Most significant is that a greater percentage of Canadas foreign trade depends on the US economy. In this regard, Canada derives about 40 percent of GDP from its exports to the US whereas the US gets a mere 2.5 percent of its GDP from its exports to Canada. Although many have pointed to the cross-border interdependence of the automobile industry as evidence of mutual vulnerability to border shut-downs, there is little reason to believe that the industry would not eventually respond to continued border disruptions. However, removing the Canadian-based automobile industry means removing the most significant source of to the US.Advertising Looking for research paper on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The two countries are no longer able to ignore the border as was the case before 9/11 attacks. The US and Canadian policymakers are now ambitiously trying to protect the longest undefended border in the world†. They are aiming to create a border that performs as a better security barrier, and as a business-friendly economic bridge at the same time. Creating a low risk border In order to facilitate â€Å"low risk† border crossing, the US and Canada have initiated a program along the border that allows frequent travelers who have undergone background checks quickly cross through designated border ports of entry. Those enrolled in the program receive a computerized photo identification card that can be electronically scanned at border crossings on dedicated lanes. Both countries are working on a similar program, the free and secure trade program, which will ease truck congestion at border ports of entry. Canada and the United States are also launching a joint program targe ting air travelers. This program includes an evaluation of iris recognition biometric technology at Canadas two busiest airports. At least, we can identify three potential future US-Canada border control trajectories. At one extreme, there could be a substantial unilateral US hardening of the border, with security essentially trumping all other considerations. This is an equivalent of imposing a security tariff on all cross-border movements. These are security measures not evident in Europe (Boswell, 2007). The idea of creating a secure and free border for traders has been difficult for both Canadian authority and business class alike. Canada must refocus and harmonize its multilateral policy in order to share security information with the US for a secure border point. This agenda largely depends on Canadian business interests with the US (Jo Cureton 2011). Most Canadian officials, on the other hand, favor more incremental and piecemeal border security measures rather than embracing an entirely new border security paradigm (Bigo, 2002). Many in Canada consider this solution to handling border security as Americanization, with Canada simply adopting US policy approaches and preferences. When we take current trends into account, the most likely scenario is a compromised position somewhere in the middle (Huysmans, 1998). This is a continuation of initiatives involving mixtures of the enhanced border security collaborations and a partial policy convergence. This includes further extensions of border controls beyond physical borderline and an intensive utilization of new high-technology cargo tracking systems, inspection technologies, and traffic management strategies. Even before the 9/11 attacks, the US had plans to build technological advanced and control system. However, after the attacks, the US has increased both pace and ambition of constructing the project. These initiatives could eventually produce a de facto continental security perimeter, but without the formal trappings and highly institutionalized and bureaucratized systems (GAO, 2000). It is not at all clear that it would withstand the fallout from multiple terrorist incidents, especially if critics can directly link such incidents to a perceived failure of the US-Canada border controls. Conclusion Tensions and conflicts over border control issues have long been defining features of US-Mexico relations. The same is now increasingly true of the US-Canada relations. Before the 9/11 attacks, the US-Canada border control-related issues always took a low-profile, low-visibility, and depoliticized manner out of the public and media eye. However, after the 9/11 attacks, border control matters have become much more high-profile, visible, and politicized than previously conceived. The main worry of the US is that the expansive commercial cross-border networks and routes (both legal and illegal) can now be exploited to smuggle terrorists and weapons of mass destruction into the United Sta tes. Therefore, the US has elevated all its traditional border law enforcement issues to security issues. One consequence is that travelers entering the United States from Canada who once viewed the experience as little more than passing through a normal border now view it differently. The US scrutiny has become more intensive, less predictable, more time-consuming and has become uncomfortable border crossing process especially among Canadian immigrants. A part from travelers, the trade between the US and Canada had suffered substantial losses. The activities at the border mainly affected the automobile industries which relied on imports from Canada. At the same time, Canada was the main loser in this process. This is because most of its foreign exchange and exports go to the US. The US has created pressure and expectations due to border relations that Canada will help it achieve its border control objectives and in new Canadian policy measures which simultaneously pacify Washington and signal maintenance of Canadian sovereignty, and policy autonomy. Some critics argue that if the US relies on Canada in securing its border, then the challenges the US experienced with the Mexico may recur. The US must protect its border with Canada and at the same time, allow for free flows of legal trade, but must always be alert of security threats and illegal trades. References Andreas, P. (2005). The Mexicanization of the US-Canada border. International Journal, 12 (4), 449-462. Bigo, D. (2002). Security and Immigration: Towards a Critique of the Governmentality of Unease. Alternatives, 27, 63-92. Boswell, C. (2007). Migration Control in Europe After 9/11: Explaining the Absence of Securitization. Journal of Common Market Studies, 45(3), 589-610. GAO. (2007). Border Security: Security Vulnerabilities at Unmanned and Unmonitored U.S. Border Locations (GAO-07-884T) Washington, D.C. GAO. (2000). Managing for Results: Barriers to Interagency Coordination (GAO/GGD-00-106) Washin gton, D.C. Huysmans, J. (1998). Security! What Do You Mean? From Concept to Thick Signifier. European Journal of International Relations, 4(2), 226-255. Jo Cureton, E. (2011). A mission on the border ten years after 9/11. Web. Tancredo, T. (2006). In Mortal Danger: The Battle for Americas Border and Security. Los Angeles: WND Books. Warner, J. A. (2010). U.S. Border Security: A Reference Handbook (Contemporary World Issues). Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO.

Hernando Cortes essays

Hernando Cortes essays Cortes was a very cruel Spanish explorer. In 1519 he conquered central and southern Mexico. His military triumphs led to 300 years of Spanish conquest. He went out to find gold and land, when he got there he found gold and beautiful land. He took the Aztecs land and gold. Cortes was born to a noble family. He was born in 1485 and died in 1547. He was born in Medellin in the province of Extramundra Spain. Cortes became mayor of Santiago de Cuba. When he was 19 he gave up his law studies, so he could go explore. Before Cortes went to Mexico he was on a Cuban expedition with Governor Diego Velazquez. After the Cuban expedition Cortes sailed to Yucatan. After sailing to Yucatan Cortes decided to go explore Mexico. The reason Cortes wanted to go explore Mexico was to seize slaves, land, and treasures. When he got to Mexico he killed all the tribes in his way. He formed a treaty with the Txclan tribe. When he got to the Aztecs they were very hard to beat. It took Cortes two long hard years to finally defeat the Aztecs. After he defeated the Aztecs he took over Mexico. Cortes was very cruel to the Aztecs and to his crew. Cortes was considered a hero in Spain for taking over Mexico. Now most people think of him as a cruel leader. While taking over Mexico his crew wanted to go back to Cuba. Cortes burned his ships so that his crew would be loyal to him and so his crew wouldnt go back to Cuba. After Cortes found Mexico he went on other expeditions searching for gold. When he got to other lands he did not find anything. The Aztecs thought that when Cortes came to Tenochtitlan he was the god Queztcoatl, they let him into their city. Cortes found amazing buildings in Tenochtitlan he thought it was all a dream. He found lots of gold and many other treasures. The Aztec people were to him. Soon Cortes captured the Azteck ruler Montezuma and he soon died. Then the Aztec Empire fell but new leaders ...

Mary Cassatt the Notable American Artist Assignment

Mary Cassatt the Notable American Artist - Assignment Example The paper "Mary Cassatt the Notable American Artist" analyzes the artworks of Mary Cassatt. The image in Figure 1 is Cassatt’s painting of her Miss Mary Ellison and in the image she demonstrates the use of color to bring out the calm mood of a strong woman. According to the National Art Gallery, Degas also introduced Cassatt in the asymmetrical styles employed by Japanese artists and the use of bright colors. The use of bright colors according to Web Museum demonstrated a mood of gentleness that served to brighten by her constant use of the â€Å"golden lighting.† These aspects worked in harmony with the family and children which was the dominant theme in most of her works as demonstrated in figure 2. Cassatt was always a quick learner who learnt the basics about a particular style in art and instead of reproducing the same pieces; she would always ensure that she employed her innovativeness to come up with impressive masterpieces. The best example is her portrayal of t he techniques she learnt from Japanese art for instance asymmetry and wood block print. She was able to mould these techniques in such a way that they fit so perfectly within her own impressionsim themes. I look at one of the works of Cassatt, â€Å"The Little Girl in Blue Armchair† in order to relate it with its historical context, to establish the impact it had during the historical context, and the importance of the piece in contemporary art. The painting of the Little Girl in Blue Armchair was done in 1878 and it painted in an oil canvas.

Strategic marketing 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Strategic marketing 2 - Essay Example Presently the company operates with 40 staffs. The company started competing with branded glass manufacturers from early 1990s and cemented their position as premier glass manufacturers in Singapore, Malaysia and Hong Kong. Sales growth for the company slowed down during the period of 2003 due to external factors. In the initial years Henrik Skagen used two types of marketing strategy to increase sales revenue. Henrik Skagen used trade shows to promote glass product and increase brand equity among customers. Internal sales force was used to explore retail channel sales. New generation of Skagen family have changed the traditional product strategy of the company in order to fillip the growth of the company. Sandra and Lars Skagenby extended product portfolio by including items such as reading sun-glasses, non-prescription reading glasses, sports goggles and glass cases. Marketing Overview Product Reading sun-glasses, Non-prescription reading glasses, Sports goggles and Glass cases. Th e company uses Nordic style of strong lines and bold colours in their offering. Price Retail price of reading glasses is between $35-$85 while retailer sells a pair of sunglasses at $35-$140 Place The company sells their product through distribution channel complemented with accessory shops, department stores and sports outlets Promotion The company uses trade shows and in store sales promotion to create awareness among customers Target Market Seventy percent of sales are contributed by consumers over the age group of 40 while sports products are targeted for young people Target Country Singapore (company owned retail shops), Malaysia & Hong Kong (franchise business model) Marketing Challenge The company wants to expand their business in South Asian Market and Vietnam has been selected for their future business expansion Financial Overview Sales Revenue (2011) $58.6m Operating Profit $5m Sales Revenue (Country & Product category wise) Singapore Malaysia Hong Kong Sunglasses $7.7m $1 2.4m $5.1m Spectacles $5.3m $11.7m $6.7m External Analysis Bright Eyes needs to conduct macro environment audit such as PESTLE of the country in order to explore business opportunities of the country (Elearn, 2012, p. 75). PESTLE PESTLE analysis helps companies to get a picture in terms of macro environmental perspective (Henry, 2008, pp. 51-56). Political CPV or Communist Party of Vietnam has recently changed their industrial policy and has taken progressive approach for industrial development. The government is also supporting foreign players to invest in the country hence Bright Eyes will get support from government to expand their business. Country trend suggests that CPV has not faced any major threat from opposition party in recent times hence from the view point of political stability the country is going strong. Economic The country is suffering from high inflation rate hence overall GDP growth is slow for Vietnam (Tucker, 2010, pp. 194-195). Foreign players are investing in developing industrial park in the country. Vietnam has attracted foreign players to invest $271m in industrial projects last year. Government has sanctioned nine FDI projects worth of $112bn for next three years (Pham, 2004, pp. 69-97). Economic situation of the country is positive for companies like

Theoretical Matrix Essay Example for Free

Theoretical Matrix Essay This multi-staged model describes how a human system might experience, react to, and then adjust to change over time (Smith, 2010). The components of this Model of change consist of six stages: the first stage: old status quo is the current norm, the second stage: foreign element is something happens that interrupts the familiarity of the status quo, the third stage: chaos is the reaction to a foreign element that throws you into chaos, the fourth stage: transforming ideas gives you a new understanding of what to do, you begin to see a way out of the chaos, the fifth stage: practice and integration: you start to try your new idea or new behavior. The last stage new status quo: the new norm. According to Emery, (2012) â€Å"it is the nature of individuals to resist change and cling to familiar ways of doing things†. The Old Status Quo the group is at a familiar place. The performance pattern is consistent. Stable relationships give members a sense of belonging and identity. Members know what to expect, how to react, and how to behavior (Smith, 2012).Foreign Elements in this sage something happens that shatters the familiarity of the old status quo. A significant event that is internal or external seeking change that threatens the stability of familiar powers. Chaos the foreign elements throw you into chaos. In this stage, you are suddenly in unfamiliar waters where your things are unpredictable, and your usual pattern behaviors do not work. Your performance is affected and people around you may not act in unusual ways (Emery, 2012). Transforming ideas eventually the group transforms. You create lots of new ideas when you are in Chaos. Transforming ideas gives the group a new understanding of why’s, what and how’s. They began to see a way out of the chaos (Emery, 2012). Integration and Practice is the period of assimilation, you are transforming ideas into your operation, and a new status quo begins. You learn quickly and make progress. You make lots of mistakes, and every now and then your progress slips back to old status quo. You learn what works and what doesn’t. You have become more skilled and your performance is back up. You sense you are moving towards a new status quo (Emery, 2012). The New Status Quo your performance began to level off as you master your new skill. You start to feel good about your rapid learning. With time, the newness fades, and the â€Å"new status quo† become the â€Å"old status quo† (Emery, 2012).| Satir’s change model can be applied to any organization large or small. Hospital information is changing rapidly affecting clinicians both in ambulatory and primary care practice settings who are struggling to keep up with the pace of emerging technology. The demand for improvement in hospital safety, quality and performance reporting has made it necessary for this clinical transformation of its care practice process. Switching from paper to electronic medical record is one technological demand driven by Medicare and Medicaid coverage and reimbursement policies Transition from paper to computer documentation is still a challenge in health care (Straube, 2005). The process for documenting patient care was formalized during the years of Florence Nightingale’s practice the old status quo. Older nurses are having difficulty adapting to this change because their generation was driven by paper so they didn’t have to use the computer whereas the younger nurses have been exposed to technology must of their lives. A foreign element has been implemented into the care environment this has disturbed the status quo Satir second stage of the change model. A primary care setting feed ac keas given by receptionist stating â€Å"no one has time to scan charts for a physician who brought 1,000 patients with him to the practice†. The arrival of the â€Å"foreign element† electronic medical record precipitates a period of â€Å"chaos† According to Kiel (2011). â€Å"This is both the most liberating and terrifying aspect of the Satir Model†. The old way is out paper charting and the new way is in electronic medical record computer charting. Satir is optimistic in the fourth stage of the change model transforming idea people are calm, listening, being optimistic at that point they are ready to engage in problem solving. Not all transforming ideas are good you may have to try several times for chaos to achieve a renewed sense of direction (Kiel, 2011).Nurses that where apprehensive with the change from using paper charts to a computerized charting system where offered computer training classes, also some of the younger nurses offered to volunteer with in-house tutorial assistance. Chart software was purchase to help with staff development Rothenberg (2005). With integration and practice this stage of Satir’s change model the implementation of computerized charting nurses found themselves becoming more proficient in knowing more about computer technology and computer systems. According to Kiel (2011) â€Å"It is impossible to have too much support after implementation phase†. The last stage of Satir change model â€Å"new status quo† the older nurses now believe using a computer is like turning pages in a book. You access different screens and follow assigned task, like pain management vital signs, and a third for IO (Rose, 2011). | Kotter model| Kotter identified eight steps within the model after building on Lewin’s change model. Borkowski, 2005 identifies the following eight steps; (1) Establish a sense of urgency; This deals with the need for change and examines theOrganization’s crises, opportunity and competition.(2) Create a powerful guiding coalition; This should include all members not part of upper management. (3) Develop a vision; Create a vision for the change strategies to achieve it. (4) Communicate the vision; Using strategies and ways in which to communicate the vision, including new behaviors. (5) Empower others to act on the vision; Eliminate barriers to change creative problem solving. (6) Plan for and create short-term wins; plans for vision improvement recognize and reward staff involved.(7) Consolidate improvement produce more change; using hiring, promoting and developing employees to create more change.(8) Institutionalize new approaches; Reinforce changes by highlighting connection between new behavior Organizational success, ensure leadership succession (Borkowski, 2005). Utilizing Kotter’s model can be a guideline for all Organizations, when trying to implement a change process. According Du Plessis 2011, the biggest mistake people can make during a change intervention is tostart the process before a high enough sense of urgency has been established. Complacency is the biggest resistance factor to overcome in a change intervention, especially if there is no major or visible crisis.| Kotter eight step model can be applied in both small and large Organizations. For a change process to take place it is important to communicate with the staff members what is going to be implemented. Member’s involvement is also a significant factor. Being involved allows the individual to feel valued which makes the transition much easier. According to Spector 2010, people will become more committed to implementing solution, if they have been involved in the problem-solving process. For change to stick, it has to be integrated into the total psychic framework or personality and has to be supported by others whose opinions and perceptions the person cares about. (Winter, 2 002). Many Organizations feel that there is a need for change to improve the effective and quality of services offered to their customers. Examining Kotter model has key aspects in a change process. Important aspects such as; need for change, member inclusion, strategies problem solving, communication, rewards and recognition are all significant for small as well as large Organization to be successful. These key approaches will have less resistance and balance between the new structure and positive behavior among all staffs. Example of Organizations are health care settings; hospitals, nursing homes, and rehab facilities. | Complexity Theory| The complexity theory has emerged from the natural sciences in the 20ths century. It allows understanding of unexpected phenomena. The complexity theory (CT) has two applications. The metaphorical application is used by social science and a mathematical application is implemented by the physical sciences. The complexity theory addresses the dynamic, nonlinear, and complex nature of systems or organizations. Complex systems have multiple subsystems interacting at the same time with one another by nonlinear intertwined feedback loops which can produce unexpected results (Sanger Giddings, 2012). The complexity theory provides the following observations; first, small changes can generate massive or unpredictable changes. Second, changes applied under similar conditions are not guarantee to have the same outcomes. The results are unpredictable. Third, cause and effect are not continuous or directly proportional functions. Fourth, culture generates diversity so a standardization of processes cannot be implemented (Hoffman, 2012). The butterfly effect is exhibited in complex systems. This idea makes it easy to understand and remember the essence of the complexity theory. The butterfly effect explains that â€Å"small changes in a complex system may lead to large, unpredictable changes over time† (Sanger Giddings, 2012). This theory provides information on how the organization adapts to the environment and variable conditions.| The complexity model seems appropriate to deal with the constantly changing environment of the health care system. Managers and employees have to embrace the uniqueness of this system since they are forced to lead others particularly in the critical care environment. The Intensive Care Unit (ICU) involves medical, social, psychological, and intertwined interactions. In addition, state and federal policies affecting the organization are considered as macro factors (Sanger Giddings, 2012). Federal and state issues focus on reducing the high cost of medical care and improving patient quality of care. One way that most hospitals are meeting these requirements is by keeping current with scientific advances in the medical field. Continuing education and updated knowledge have been essential in order to incorporate change and provide optimal patient care. This is not enough to improve overall performance of a complex system. Principles of complexity theory need to be applied in order to achieve optimal goals (Hoffman, 2012). The intensive care unit is a dynamic system affected by multiple factors interacting nonlinearly that can lead to unpredictable results. Complexity theory application can provide information on unexpected outcomes. Sedation administration, Rapid Response Teams (RRTs), and infection control are some of practices that will benefit from complexity theory application. Sedation administration in the ICU is done based on standard protocol in order to prevent failed spontaneous breathing, coma, and delirium. Unfortunately, more than 30% of patients still reported some of these symptoms. These unexpected results need to be evaluated using the complexity model (Hoffman, 2012).. | References Borkowski, N. (2005). Organizational Behavior in health care. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett. Du Plessis, M. (2011). Re-implementing an Individual Performance Management System as Change Intervention at Higher Education Institutions Overcoming Staff Resistance. Proceedings Of The European Conference On Management, Leadership Governance, 105-115. Emery, D. H. (2011). Managing yourself through change. Retrieved from www.http:// dhemery.com/articles/managing_yourself_through_change.html Hoffman, L. (2012). High-Value health care: Implication from Complexity Theory. Critical Care Alert, 20(7), 49-21. Kiel, D. (2011). Leading People Through Change. Retrieved from: www. http://cfe.unc.edu/pdfs/leading_people.html Rose, J.F. (2011). Charting challenges. Retrieved from: www. http://news.nurse.com/article.html Rothenberg, B. (2005). Medical technology as a driver of healthcare cost. Retrieved www.bcbs.com Sanger, M., Giddings, M. (2012). Teaching note a simple approach to complexity theory. Journal of Social Work Education, 48(2), 369-375. Schein, E. H. (2002, Winter). Models and tools for stability and change in human systems. Reflections, 4(2), 34-46. Retrieved from week 3 electronic reading. Smith, S, M. (2012). The Satir Change Model. Retrieved from www.http://stevensmith.com/ar-satir-change-model.html Spector, B. (2010). Implementing organizational change: Theory into practice (2nd ed). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.

How Important is the Encryption Debate? Essay -- Encryption Market Ess

How Important is the Encryption Debate? The encryption debate is intense and heated in certain circles, but is of no major concern to the vast majority of people in the United States. Most of the people I talk to regard its regulation to be of little consequence, or too complicated to take a position on. Indeed, the prevailing opinion I encounter is that is an area best left to the experts who understand its capabilities, uses and dangers. While no one really trusts the government, in the face of the sundry bogeymen evoked by law enforcement agents as a rationale for protecting the people, most people are hard pressed to stand up and speak of the inviolability of their privacy rights. How can I justify my concerns over personal privacy when faced with the specters of kidnappers, terrorists and drug lords? Why get worked up about it if you have nothing to hide anyway? Why insist to uphold seemingly inconsequential principles in the face of national security concerns? The reason is that the principles fostering this heated d ebate are some of the core principles that formed our nation. This nation was created by the will of revolutionaries who challenged the principles of government (or lack thereof) that was imposed upon the colonies. After fighting a bloody war to secure independence, the colonies were forged into a nation of states upon federalist principles. It was a government of limited powers and sovereignties that bore the stamp of the framers distrust of an over-centralized government. The Bill of Rights was added to further confirm those federalist principles and to ensure the rights of the people before their government. These rights are the cornerstones upon which the United States was built and has flourished. ... ...affic analysis that could be even more significant than census information. Where are the people going next? This is how the Government stays one step ahead, instead of trying to shape policy through polling us, it notes our patterns of choices and plans accordingly. What does free market encryption really give us in response? The power to communicate as freely as we did before technological advances undermined those abilities. The Fourth Amendment was designed to be a limitation on the power of government to intrude on the privacy of its citizens, not a grant of privilege to law enforcement. Much as the framers of the Constitution expected to be free from surveillance in their papers and communications, the power of encryption can help regain the balance. And once it does, maybe we will realize that we had more in common with Paine and Jefferson than we think.

What is Operations Management?

Operation Management is concerned with any productive activity, whether manufacturing or service, in public sector or private sector, profit making or not profit making. It is concerned with ensuring that operations are carried out both efficiently and effectively. All mangers are operations managers since all functions within an organization are, presumably, productive activates it goes without saying that all function should be carried out efficiently and effectively. However the operation function is the hear t of all manufacturing and service enterprises, and unless this core operation is carried out effectively there is little hope that organization as a whole will be effective. An understanding of Operation Management principals can help any manger to manage more effectively , whatever function they are concerned with but it also leads to a greater understanding of the function of the organization as a whole and a greater appreciation for the issues which affect organizational performances. Definition of Operations Management. Operations Management is concerned with managing the resources that directly produce the organization’s service or product after going through a number of transforming Inputs Processes. The resources will usually consist of people, materials, technology and information but may go wider than this. These resources are brought together by a series of processes; so that they are utilized to deliver the primary service or product of the organization. Thus, operation management is concerned with managing inputs (resources) through transformation processes to deliver output (service or product). The following diagram explains the concept of Operation Management more clearly. (Appendix -1 –Pictorial representation of Operation Management) Example of Operation Management: Let us consider an example from our daily life to understand the concept of Operation Management more clearly. Consider an education institute, here, the student are a primary inputs. The transformation process is the learning that takes place. The main output is the educated students. For this operation to take place there has to be a proper timetabling, lecture and management of the whole activity. Scope of Operation Management: Expressed in this way it can be seen that the term ‘operations’ covers a wide range of organization. Manufacturing, commercial service, public service and other not-for-profit sector are all included within its scope. One way of defining operation function of the organization is to define what the end service or product actually is once this is clear, the people who directly contribute to the delivery of the end service or product, and the people who closely support them in this task, can be said to operational personnel of the organization. Read also Exam Operations Management Unfortunately, people who actually perform operational roles under this definition are not always called operational Mangers. This makes identifying the operation more difficult than, say, identifying the financial marketing or personnel functions. Job title such as hospital manger, technical director and store manger do not have the word operation in them, yet they are all Operations Management roles. Operations Management and its significance; Operations management concepts exactly help us to gain a better know ledge of things how they and perform around us. These concepts and theories have been developed by experts from different fields and published to share the knowledge to the publics. Operations management focuses on how the subtle routines and activities in your life can be systematically improved and makes our easy little by little. Operations management concepts use logic and practicalities to carry mare efficiency into everyone’s live and inspire other to bring out more ways to improve this world. Applying concepts to real situations: When the concepts and theories are produced by the great minds of the world, there are no real tangible benefits until it is actually used and applied in the real world. It is one thing to theorize that you can invent something that will take current way of living to the next level and another thing to actually do it and make everybody see that your theory is for real. The same rule applies to operations management concepts. They may be available to you and make you aware of how things around you work but if they are not used to improve the current status then they become useless. They become ere writings on paper and nothing more than that. If these concepts are to become relevant to society, people and government it should be used in such a way that their presence is felt in operations they are used. Once this is happen, then you can expect a wave of improvement every day from everyone which led to a greater improvement in the future. A relevant issue wherein operations management can be applied is in addressing flood damage problem. Today’s technology obviously does not have control over nature’s forces and the disaster that it may bring. The best way to deal with it then is through preparation and some sort of damage. It is in this aspect that operations management concepts can shine and really help in providing a boost to the current living conditions. Government applying operations management tools: An important part in addressing flood damage is the clean up that follows. This procedure is usually the most difficult and the most expensive of them all. After a major flood, everything is misplaced, infrastructure is ruined and slowly decaying and the area is usually in a state of disorder. If the flood damage cleanup programs are not well designed, it can take a very long time to get the area back on its feet. This means that people will not be able to get paid and it will hurt their way of living. As you can see, the most important things to be considered is how quickly flood damages can be cleaned up and in order to figure out the best possible way to do this, government turn up to use operations management concepts to settle things as soon as possible and which they were successful. The concepts will break down each process that is needed to cleanup flood damage and improve the little details to make everything better, faster and more efficient fullest extent for a better and quick result. Concepts and its applications †¢The first concept in operations management is project planning: the scope of flood damage cleanups usually covers a big area with varying terrains. To be able to work quickly, a very good plan must be set before everybody can get to work. In project planning, there is an emphasis on scheduling and process layout. If there is a set schedule for when cleanup crew are supposed to move in and their job, there will not be any wasted time or effort. It will also give supervisors control over inactive crew so they can be given work and be more productive. An example in terms cleaning up after flood damage is the different jobs that are involved. First, the area has to be cleaned up of debris so a specific cleanup crew will have to handle that. Only after they finish will the road repair crew be able to do their job. Basically, project planning process layout creates a sequence for the different jobs that need to be done and, again, lessens confusion as to what should be done first or not. The next important concept is TQM which stands total quality management: this idea states that there should always be constant improvement within each and every process no matter how miniscule the improvement may be. The logic behind this is that each small incremental improvement will eventually add up to something significant if it is done regularly. Obviously in term of flood damage cleanups, anything that can be done a little bit quickly wil l be beneficial in the long run. This is why each process, cleaning repairing, debris- removing and all other activities should always be done at the fastest pace possible without sacrificing quality and safety. More and more, faster times and more efficient procedures should be set out and eventually, there should be marked improvement over the original performance. †¢Another relevant concept that can b applied is capacity analysis: this takes a logical step in measuring how much capacity a given machine or worker can take. It allows foe downtime, mistake and other unpredictable events then chums out the data to make it relevant. This is important because it help the project planner to be attended to. Capacity analysis also give a good idea of how well equipped a flood damage teams are in regards to dealing with worst case scenarios. †¢The last concept that will be discussed is that of facility location planning: flood damage cleanup supervisors should be able to pin point possible trouble spot during bad weather and be able to situate headquarters nearby. Using this concept may help in determining the most favorable location for setting up of headquarters which will result in save of time and energy. Advantages from Operation Management Application: Although many of the operations management concepts have been discussed, you can see it is beneficial to apply these ideas. It may cost money but the advantages they give are limitless. More efficiency and faster routines are a win- win situation for flood damage crew, government and the residents of the area. Simply put through, operations management concepts real aim is to put organization in continually improvement and to make working condition easy and time saving. Basically, applying different operations management concepts can greatly help in different line of work.

Jane Loevinger’s stages of ego development Essay

I have done much research of theories on; stages of life, stages in life, how and why, we all got to be how we are. Of course, I have my own theory, which is because and in reference to; all the research I had done. However, I want to state that I most agree with; Jane Loevinger’s philosophy, that; â€Å"this sense of the ego or â€Å"I† as an active interpreter of experience—changes in significant ways over the course of human life. Loevinger’s model of ego development charts those changes over time.† Jane Loevinger had her own theory of stages that human beings go through in becoming who they are; hers begs to differ in the sense of; it is all how we categorize what we have learned in life; Loevinger tells us how we organize (in our mind) those contents I-2 Impulsive- Impulsive Egocentric, dependent Bodily feelings Delta Self-protective Opportunistic Manipulative, wary â€Å"Trouble,† control I-3 Conformist- Respect for rules Cooperative, loyal Appearances, behavior I-3/4 Conscientious- Exceptions allowable Helpful, self-aware Feelings, problems, adjustment Conformist. I-4 Conscientious- Self-evaluated Intense, responsible Motives, traits, achievement standards, self-critical. I-4/5 Individualistic- Tolerant Mutual Individuality, development, roles. I-5 Autonomous- Coping with conflict Interdependent Self-fulfillment, psychological causation. I-6 Integrated- Cherishing individuality Identity. In going over the table in layman’s terms, I think it is obvious that she is describing; growing up in general, and what would be helpful and healthy for a person to experience. The table does not list 1-1, which I believe that is because it would be what one views (optical) as a baby, before one can verbalize or think in any cognitive way. She starts with Impulse control, which is agreeable, because no one has morals/values, and/or any sense of right/wrong, at the beginning of his or her lives. She also mentions; manipulative in this category, which is also agreeable because a person will be manipulative at a young age in trying to gain control, which I think leads us into the second category of; conformist. I believe that is agreeable also, for one is learning to conform without manipulation, (because of the earlier manipulation), in learning their own  assertive control and what they have decided they like. Next, Conscientious – Individualistic, is people becoming aware of everything, especially other people around them and how they are different. They are learning to be patient and understand that each is different, at first they realize they must tolerate others, then, going into autonomous, they more than tolerate differences, they also accept them. The final stage is; Integrated, which to me is; self-satisfaction, in the knowing that one knows life and understands it. They accept all that they are, their purpose, and everyone else’s purpose. They understand each person has a role in this world and are now more than accepting of it; they are; grateful. It is feeling of understanding. Their mind, body and soul is satisfied.

100 Major Works of Modern Creative Nonfiction

100 Major Works of Modern Creative Nonfiction Essays, memoirs, autobiographies, biographies, travel writing, history, cultural studies, nature writing- all of these fit under the broad heading of creative nonfiction, and all are represented in this list of 100 major works of creative nonfiction published by British and American writers over the past 90 years or so. Theyre arranged alphabetically by author last name. Recommended Creative Nonfiction Edward Abbey, Desert Solitaire: A Season in the Wilderness (1968)James Agee, Let Us Now Praise Famous Men (1941)Martin Amis, Experience (1995)Maya Angelou, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings (1970)Russell Baker, Growing Up (1982)James Baldwin, Notes of a Native Son (1963)Julian Barnes, Nothing to Be Frightened Of (2008)Alan Bennett, Untold Stories (2005)Wendell Berry, Recollected Essays (1981)Bill Bryson, Notes From a Small Island (1995)Anthony Burgess, Little Wilson and Big God: Being the First Part of the Confessions of Anthony Burgess (1987)Joseph Campbell, The Hero With a Thousand Faces (1949)Truman Capote, In Cold Blood (1965)Rachel Carson, Silent Spring (1962)Pat Conroy, The Water Is Wide (1972)Harry Crews, A Childhood: The Biography of a Place (1978)Joan Didion, We Tell Ourselves Stories in Order to Live: Collected Nonfiction (2006)Joan Didion, The Year of Magical Thinking (2005)Annie Dillard, An American Childhood (1987)Annie Dillard, Pilgrim at Tinker Creek (1974) Barbara Ehrenreich, Nickel and Dimed: On (Not) Getting By in America (2001)Gretel Ehrlich, The Solace of Open Spaces (1986)Loren Eiseley, The Immense Journey: An Imaginative Naturalist Explores the Mysteries of Man and Nature (1957)Ralph Ellison, Shadow and Act (1964)Nora Ephron, Crazy Salad: Some Things About Women (1975)Joseph Epstein, Snobbery: The American Version (2002)Richard P. Feynman, The Feynman Lectures on Physics (1964)Shelby Foote, The Civil War: A Narrative (1974)Ian Frazier, Great Plains (1989)Paul Fussell, The Great War and Modern Memory (1975)Stephen Jay Gould, Ever Since Darwin: Reflections in Natural History (1977)Robert Graves, Good-Bye to All That (1929)Alex Haley, The Autobiography of Malcolm X (1965)Pete Hamill, A Drinking Life: A Memoir (1994)Ernest Hemingway, A Moveable Feast (1964)Michael Herr, Dispatches (1977)John Hersey, Hiroshima (1946)Laura Hillenbrand, Unbroken: A World War II Story of Survival, Resilience, and Redemption (2010) Edward Hoagland, The Edward Hoagland Reader (1979)Eric Hoffer, The True Believer: Thoughts on the Nature of Mass Movements (1951)Richard Hofstadter, Anti-Intellectualism in American Life (1963)Jeanne Wakatsuki Houston and James D. Houston, Farewell to Manzanar (1973)Langston Hughes, The Big Sea (1940)Zora Neale Hurston, Dust Tracks on a Road (1942)Aldous Huxley, Collected Essays (1958)Clive James, Reliable Essays: The Best of Clive James (2001)Alfred Kazin, A Walker in the City (1951)Tracy Kidder, House (1985)Maxine Hong Kingston, The Woman Warrior: Memoirs of a Childhood Among Ghosts (1989)Thomas Kuhn, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962)William Least Heat-Moon, Blue Highways: A Journey Into America (1982)Bernard Levin, Enthusiasms (1983)Barry Lopez, Arctic Dreams: Imagination and Desire in a Northern Landscape (1986)David McCullough, Truman (1992)Dwight Macdonald, Against The American Grain: Essays on the Effects of Mass Culture (1962)John McPhee, Coming Into the Country (1977) Rosemary Mahoney, Whoredom in Kimmage: The Private Lives of Irish Women (1993)Norman Mailer, The Armies of the Night (1968)Peter Matthiessen, The Snow Leopard (1979)H.L. Mencken, A Mencken Chrestomathy: His Own Selection of His Choicest Writing (1949)Joseph Mitchell, Up in the Old Hotel and Other Stories (1992)Jessica Mitford, The American Way of Death (1963)N. Scott Momaday, Names (1977)Lewis Mumford, The City in History: Its Origins, Its Transformations, and Its Prospects (1961)Vladimir Nabokov, Speak, Memory: An Autobiography Revisited (1967)P.J. ORourke, Parliament of Whores (1991)Susan Orlean, My Kind of Place: Travel Stories from a Woman Whos Been Everywhere (2004)George Orwell, Down and Out in Paris and London (1933)George Orwell, Essays (2002)Cynthia Ozick, Metaphor and Memory (1989)Robert Pirsig, Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance (1975)Richard Rodriguez, Hunger of Memory (1982)Lillian Ross, Picture (1952)David Sedaris, Me Talk Pretty One Day (2000) Richard Selzer, Taking the World in for Repairs (1986)Zadie Smith, Changing My Mind: Occasional Essays (2009)Susan Sontag, Against Interpretation and Other Essays (1966)John Steinbeck, Travels with Charley (1962)Studs Terkel, Hard Times: An Oral History of the Great Depression (1970)Lewis Thomas, The Lives of a Cell (1974)E.P. Thompson, The Making of the English Working Class (1963; rev. 1968)Hunter S. Thompson, Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas: A Savage Journey to the Heart of the American Dream (1971)James Thurber, My Life and Hard Times (1933)Lionel Trilling, The Liberal Imagination: Essays on Literature and Society (1950)Barbara Tuchman, The Guns of August (1962)John Updike, Self-Consciousness (1989)Gore Vidal, United States: Essays 1952–1992 (1993)Sarah Vowell, The Wordy Shipmates (2008)Alice Walker, In Search of Our Mothers Gardens: Womanist Prose (1983)David Foster Wallace, A Supposedly Fun Thing Ill Never Do Again: Essays and Arguments (1997)James D. Watson, The Double H elix (1968) Eudora Welty, One Writers Beginnings (1984)E.B. White, Essays of E.B. White (1977)E.B. White, One Mans Meat (1944)Isabel Wilkerson, The Warmth of Other Suns: The Epic Story of Americas Great Migration (2010)Tom Wolfe, The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test (1968)Tom Wolfe, The Right Stuff (1979)Tobias Wolff, This Boys Life: A Memoir (1989)Virginia Woolf, A Room of Ones Own (1929)Richard Wright, Black Boy (1945)

How to proofread a document - Emphasis

How to proofread a document How to proofread a document Proofreading isnt easy. Youre constantly fighting with your eyes and brain, both of which want to tell you that everything on the page is just fine. But to proofread well, you need to repress the urge to skip, skim and hope for the best; its time to knuckle down and process every word, writes Cathy Relf (who should know). 1. Take a break If you try and proofread straight after you finish writing, not only will you be blind to your typos, but you’ll think all your turns of phrase come across exactly the way you meant them. Take a break, do something else, preferably leave it overnight. Then come back to it fresh. 2. Don’t rely on spellcheck If you’ve ended your email with ‘kind retards’ instead of ‘kind regards’, spellcheck will think that’s just fine and dandy. Don’t trust it. Make sure you read every word, and if you’re at all unsure about whether you have the right word, look it up. It’s handy to keep a good online dictionary, such as Collins (our favourite) or Oxford, in your bookmarks bar. 3. Suspect the usual suspects Watch out for these ten most missed mistakes, such as affect and effect and compliment and complement. Print out the list and keep it handy for when you’re proofreading. 4. Print it out Reading on hard copy is the best way to spot errors. Print your document out, walk away from the distractions of your desk and sit down with just pen and paper. Or, if you don’t have a printer, export it as a PDF. Looking at the same words in a different format helps you spot errors that you hadn’t seen before. 5. Check your facts As well as looking for typos, incorrect or missing words, dodgy punctuation and suspect grammar, give your facts a final check. Are the decimal points in the right place? Have you written millions where you meant billions? Have you spelt the customer’s name right – and right every time? 6. Take it line by line When you read, your eye flits all over the place. But to proofread effectively, you need to find a way to make sure you read every word. You also need to see the words in the order they appear rather than the order your brain expects them to. Try using a ruler or blank sheet of paper to cover the rest of the text, forcing your eye to move along one line at a time, and a pen to point at each word. 7. Read it aloud Read it out to yourself. You’ll trip over the awkward bits in a way that you didn’t when reading, and notice missing or extra words. Better still, get someone else to read it out to you, or use Wordtalk, a free plug-in for Word. 8. Once more, with feeling Read it once for facts, once for language and once more for luck. Pay extra attention to titles, subtitles and headings – your eye often skips over these and assumes they’re fine when they’re not. Read them backwards to be doubly sure. 9. Get a second opinion Ask someone else to proofread it, too – someone eagle eyed and straight talking, who will tell you if your witty turns of phrase leave them puzzled or just plain cold. If you dont trust your own eye and you cant find a suitable colleague, consider employing a professional proofreader for particularly important documents. 10. Practice makes perfect The more you proofread, the sharper your eye will become.

Astronomy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 11

Astronomy - Essay Example Yes, this makes sense because its authenticity can be determined by the high degree of accuracy with the use simple methods adopted since time in memorial. With the help of modern technologies like the Magnetic compass or Polaris (Northern star) the cardinal point will easily be identified. The main purpose of this site is to help people understand the Whole set up of Astronomy. It begins by focusing on the motion of the stars. These are artificial and fascinating natural objects that continue to illuminate light in the universe. As a result many people all over the universe have been wondering what these stars, how far and their arrangement in the sky. These intimate questions have led to emergency of Astronomists who can help people try to understand what is happening in the universe. Unlike the ancient people who intimately familiarized themselves with night sky the modern people do not have that time thus the need for assistance from the specialists in sky matters. It is also important to note that the as the stay stars move in the sky they maintain the same pattern hence prompting the specialists come up with constellations. As far as astronomy is concerned there are only 88 official constellations recognized by the astronomers. In order for one to carefully understand this arrangement the study of sky motion applet comes in handy. The distance between the two points in the sky can only be estimated by measuring of angles. This is done by measuring the two imaginary lines that are always seen running from the eyes and the two points. In order to understand the motion of the sky the ancient people had to come up with a mechanical model that would aid in clarifying this movement. The logic behind this is that all stars are entangled on a huge rigid celestial sphere that engulfs the earth and rotates around after every 23 hours and 56

Sociological Journal Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sociological Journal Analysis - Essay Example This allows for the symbolic interactionist between the formally obese individual and others to be more honest and real, instead of the obese individual being labeled by symbols of lazy, dirty, and gluttonous. This article does provide a coherent theoretical background. The article explains exactly how the symbolic interactionist approach is used, the relevance of a person with a stigma, and provides credible resources to back up the claims being asserted. The scope of the obesity problem is also explored. The article is very thorough when providing a solid theoretical background. The theory of using a symbolic interactionist approach on the stigma of obesity explains the new epidemic of obesity. This problem has become more prevalent in recent times. Obesity is a given class of social phenomena. This article gives the social dimensions and properties of being obese. For example, Boggess reports â€Å"Recent media articles have announced that being overweight, or obese, can cost corporations millions of dollars in health care expenses, extra gas, and even extra jet fuel for planes.† Boggess also explains the social aversion toward obese individuals. Health issues are also explained in this article. In addition, this article explains how and why the symbolic interactionist approach is relevant. The basis of the symbolic interactionist approach is defined as â€Å"individuals engaged in an interaction to assume certain expectations of each other, and to follow through with the expectations placed on them† (Boggess). Obese people are expected to be lazy, dirty, and have no self control. This leads to the need to the theory that accepting obesity can lead to coping with the condition, which would make interaction between the obese and others truer and better for both groups. This article clearly defines the nature of the relation between the dimensions and properties of the obese, normal, and symbolic interactionist